ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) is a widely used form factor for computer power supplies. The ATX power supply specifications define the physical dimensions, electrical connections, and power output requirements for power supplies used in desktop computers. Here are some key aspects of the ATX power supply specifications:
Physical Form Factor: The ATX power supply has a standardized physical size of approximately 150 mm width, 86 mm height, and varying depths, usually around 140-160 mm. This form factor ensures compatibility with ATX-compatible computer cases.
Power Output: The ATX specification defines various power output ratings, including +3.3V, +5V, +12V, -12V, and +5V standby (also known as standby power or standby voltage). These power rails provide different voltages to different components of the computer system.
Connectors: The ATX power supply connectors include a 20-pin or 24-pin main power connector that plugs into the motherboard, providing power to the motherboard and its components. Additional connectors include SATA power connectors for hard drives and optical drives, peripheral power connectors for older devices like IDE drives, and PCIe power connectors for graphics cards.
Efficiency: The ATX power supply specifications include efficiency requirements to ensure energy efficiency. The efficiency is typically measured as a percentage and represents the ratio of output power to input power. Higher efficiency power supplies convert more electrical power into usable DC power, resulting in less wasted energy and lower operating costs.
Safety Features: ATX power supplies are required to meet safety standards to protect the computer system and its components. These safety features include overvoltage protection (OVP), undervoltage protection (UVP), overcurrent protection (OCP), short-circuit protection (SCP), and overtemperature protection (OTP). These features help prevent damage to the power supply and connected devices.
It's important to note that the ATX power supply specifications have evolved over time, with newer versions introducing enhancements and increased power output capabilities. The most recent version at the time of my knowledge cutoff is ATX12V 2.4, but there might have been newer revisions beyond that. Always refer to the latest specifications and compatibility guidelines when choosing a power supply for your specific system requirements.
